Nanodiamond in Applied Skin Penetration Analysis and brings New Advances to Medical Beauty

The skin is one of the largest and most accessible organs of the human body, yet reaching deep into the skin for medical and cosmetic treatments remains a challenge for scientific research. Recently, researchers at Bar-Ilan University in Israel have developed a new approach that offers an innovative solution to overcome both of these challenges. Combining nanotechnology and optics, they have produced nanodiamond particles (NDs) that are so small that they can penetrate the skin to deliver medical and cosmetic drugs. In addition, they created a safe, laser-based optical method to quantify the degree of penetration of nanodiamonds into various layers of the skin and to determine their location and concentration in body tissues in a non-invasive manner, thus avoiding biopsies. This innovation has just been published in ACS Nano in collaboration with researchers from the University's Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials.

In this study, the team used the Iterative Multiplanar Optical Property Extraction (IMOPE) technique to detect the presence of NDs in tissue-like body models. In addition, ex vivo pig skin experiments were performed to estimate the penetration of NDs into different skin layers and to show that their presence was reduced at deeper layers. The significance signal of NDs in the epidermis, dermis and adipose layer gradually diminished with t-test significance values less than 10-4, 10-3 and 10-2, respectively. transmission electron microscopy and franz cell experiments confirmed the results of IMOPE. These results confirm that IMOPE noninvasively depicts the skin penetration of NDs.

Nanodiamond is applied to skin samples and penetrates all skin layers: nanodiamond concentration decreases with layer depth.

1. Nanodiamonds and Drug Delivery

Much like a truck delivering cargo, man-made diamonds can deliver a variety of drugs to their intended targets, and their distance and location may be controlled due to the tiny size of nanodiamonds. The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery has proven successful in previous studies. The newly developed nanodiamonds from Bar-Ilan University have also proven to be effective antioxidants. This property ensures that particles that penetrate the body are both safe and therapeutic because their chemical properties allow them to be coated with drugs prior to insertion into the body.

(a) TEM images of fNDs including cerium anti-agglomeration coating, b) TEM images of uncoated NDs aggregates.

2. Tracking Nanodiamond by Optics

The optical approach developed by this research team enabled them to identify the relative concentration of nanodiamond particles in different skin layers (epidermis, dermis and fat) by safe and non-invasive sensing based on a blue wavelength laser. This in itself is a unique discovery given that red wavelength lasers are commonly used for human medical examinations and treatments. To determine their location and concentration in the skin, patients are briefly exposed to a blue laser beam. The optical system creates photo-like 3D images through which optical variations in the treated tissue can be extracted and compared to adjacent untreated tissue by a specialized algorithm.

Optical system creates 3D sensing images of human skin

"This is a major development in the field of dermatology and optical engineering," said members of the nanotechnology and advanced materials research team at Bar-Ilan University. "It will open the door to the development of drugs applied through the skin as well as modern cosmetic preparations using advanced nanotechnology." The importance of optical innovation in clinical applications was demonstrated with the assistance of researchers and others.

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